Application of UML for Modeling Urban Traffic System Using Producer Consumer Theory to Generate Process Algebra Model

UML is widely used as an industry standard for modeling any system. In this paper will be dealing with simple UML diagrams and show that low it can be transformed into process algebra models specially designated to model urban traffic systems. The model capture functionality at the level of mesoscopic as well as microscopic level and it is merged with process algebra’s producer consumer theory. The model is also formalized using Process algebra equations. This paper focuses on complex situational activity diagrams enhancing the expressivity by refining at the abstraction levels. Performance requirement is annotated by the UML profile for schedulability performance and time

PENTRAL: Pattern Based Logic Language

The article focuses on the urban traffic representation using patterns which are specifically developed for traffic situations. The framework PENTRAL (PEtri-Net TRAnsportation Language) provides conversion of these patterns into algebraic format. These formats are saved as an XML file following the three tier architecture of urban Traffic system

Formal Verification of Urban Traffic System Using the Concept of Fuzzy Workflow Simulation

Modeling complex urban traffic system requires extensive use of workflow methodologies which can simulate almost real time traffic situations. Number of studies were done in the field of Urban Traffic Simulation like PLOTS, NETSIM and PALAMICS but none of them could provide a real formal solution. Our paper proposes a methodology using Fuzzy Petri nets for modeling real time traffic system. Fuzzy Petrinets are also visualised and tested by using Flow- Charter and HPSIM software packages. These packages help in providing successive iterations of process model for further refinement

Investigating Physics Behind the Rapid Intensification and Catastrophic Landfall of Cyclone ‘Titli’ (2018) in the Bay of Bengal

The present study delineates the role of ocean conditions in the genesis and rapid intensification (RI) of a very severe cyclonic storm (VSCS) ‘Titli’ (2018). The tropical cyclone (TC) formed over the warm waters of the east-central Bay of Bengal during 08-13 October 2018. According to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), the cyclone was the most damaging storm to hit any coast of India in the year 2018, making it a special case of analysis. In the present study, 10 m winds , Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Latent heat flux, and relative vorticity (RV) during the lifespan of the cyclone are studied using ECMWF reanalysis V5 (ERA5) prepared by European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Further, the Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential (TCHP) data generated by the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) in Hyderabad is used to study the important information about the oceanic conditions of the TC. The investigation of the TC’s sea surface temperature data from satellites reveals that a relatively warmer SST prevailed during the cyclone’s occurrence, which may have been the primary factor in the TC’s rapid intensification. Further, the latent Heat flux (LHF) and TCHP values were also found high in conjunction with SST values. Our in-depth analysis reveals that the 10 m winds embedded into the TC were extremely strong, exceeding 12 m/s prior to the landfall. A positive and large value of RV was found when the TC was about to hit the coast. This may be one of the reasons behind the ‘catastrophic landfall’ of the cyclone

Surface states in bulk single crystal of topological semimetal Co3Sn2S2 toward water oxidation

The band inversion in topological phase matters bring exotic physical properties such as the topologically protected surface states (TSS). They strongly influence the surface electronic structures of the materials and could serve as a good platform to gain insight into the surface reactions. Here we synthesized high-quality bulk single crystals of Co3Sn2S2 that naturally hosts the band structure of a topological semimetal. This guarantees the existence of robust TSS from the Co atoms. Co3Sn2S2 crystals expose their Kagome lattice that constructed by Co atoms and have high electrical conductivity. They serves as catalytic centers for oxygen evolution process (OER), making bonding and electron transfer more efficient due to the partially filled orbital. The bulk single crystal exhibits outstanding OER catalytic performance, although the surface area is much smaller than that of Co-based nanostructured catalysts. Our findings emphasize the importance of tailoring TSS for the rational design of high-activity electrocatalysts

Imipramine Is an Orally Active Drug against Both Antimony Sensitive and Resistant Leishmania donovani Clinical Isolates in Experimental Infection

Background: In an endeavor to find an orally active and affordable antileishmanial drug, we tested the efficacy of a cationic amphiphilic drug, imipramine, commonly used for the treatment of depression in humans. The only available orally active antileishmanial drug is miltefosine with long half life and teratogenic potential limits patient compliance. Thus there is a genuine need for an orally active antileishmanial drug. Previously it was shown that imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant alters the protonmotive force in promastigotes, but its in vivo efficacy was not reported. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we show that the drug is highly active against antimony sensitive and resistant Leishmania donovani in both promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes and in LD infected hamster model. The drug wasfound to decrease the mitochondrial transmembrane potential of Leishmania donovani (LD) promastigotes and purified amastigotes after 8 h of treatment, whereas miltefosine effected only a marginal change even after 24 h. The drug restores defective antigen presenting ability of the parasitized macrophages. The status of the host protective factors TNF a, IFN c and iNOS activity increased with the concomitant decrease in IL 10 and TGF b level in imipramine treated infected hamsters and evolution of matured sterile hepatic granuloma. The 10-day therapeutic window as a monotherapy, showing about 90% clearance of organ parasites in infected hamsters regardless of their SSG sensitivity. Conclusions: This study showed that imipramine possibly qualifies for a new use of an old drug and can be used as an effective orally active drug for the treatment of Kala-azar

Polyvinylpyrrolidone-resorcinol-formaldehyde hydrogel system reinforced with bio-synthesized zinc-oxide for water shut-off in heterogeneous reservoir: An experimental investigation

This work aims at evaluating advancement in water shut-off performance using nanocomposite hydrogel (PVP-ZnO:RF) prepared from PolyVinylPyrrolidone (PVP); used as polymer, Resorcinol-Formaldehyde (RF); used as a crosslinker and nano Zinc Oxide (ZnO); used as strength modifier and it was compared with conventional hydrogel (PVP:RF) i.e., hydrogel without ZnO nanofiller. The ZnO, used as a nanofiller in this work, was successfully bio-synthesized (i.e., green route synthesized) from plant extract (Moringa oleifera leaves) and the average size was found to be 10 nm. In this research work, the effect of ZnO nanofiller on gelation time, gel strength, thermal stability, rheological properties and water shut-off performance was systematically evaluated. On the incorporation of ZnO nanofiller, gelation time decreases but gel strength increases. The thermal stability of hydrogel was studied using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) that depicts maximum tolerable temperature increases from 86 °C to 92 °C at 0.5 wt.% of ZnO concentration in nanocomposite hydrogel (PVP). The mechanical stability of the nanocomposite hydrogel (PVP-ZnO:RF) demonstrates that infusion of ZnO nanofiller has significantly enhanced the dynamic moduli (i.e., storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″)). Moreover, the optimum results of storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) are found at 0.5 wt.% of ZnO nanofiller. The water shut-off performance in the high permeable streak, in terms of percentage reduction in permeability, was 97% and 92% for nanocomposite hydrogel (PVP-ZnO:RF) and conventional hydrogel (PVP:RF), respectively. Also, the residual resistance factor is found to be 31.31 and 12.71 for PVP-ZnO:RF and PVP:RF hydrogels. Thus, the developed nanocomposite hydrogel (PVP-ZnO:RF) may be a promising solution to excessive water production in mature oil fields

Prevalence of Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy and Related Screening Practices in Rural Dehradun: The First Population-Based Study from Uttarakhand (PGDRD-1)

Aims: Phase I of the Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Rural Dehradun (PGDRD) project estimates hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) prevalence and identifies gaps in the utilization of community-related services in rural areas of the Dehradun district (western Uttarakhand); a state where notably no prior population-based study has ever been conducted despite being an Empowered Action Group state for more than two decades. Methods: Using a multistage random sampling technique, 1,223 pregnant women locally registered in the rural field practice area of a block were identified. Those requiring HIP screening were subjected to a 2-h 75 g oral glucose tolerance test during the house visit irrespective of their period-of-gestation and last meal timings, diagnosed using the Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India (DIPSI) criterion (when indicated). Data were collected by personal interviews using a pretested data collection tool. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 was used for analysis. Results: The overall HIP prevalence recorded was 9.7% (95% CI: 8.1-11.5%); the majority (95.8%) were GDM followed by overt DIP (4.2%). Less than 1% of the subjects (0.7%) self-reported pre-GDM. Despite this burden, more than three-fourths were never screened for HIP in their pregnancy. Of those tested, the majority availed secondary healthcare facilities. Few even had to bear expenses in private with a very handful being tested free-of-cost by ANM in the community; findings that altogether sharply contrast to those recommended by national protocols. Conclusion: Despite the high HIP burden, beneficiaries are unable to utilize community-related universal screening protocols as desired

Analysis of bile in various hepatobiliary disease states: A pilot study

Aim: Our study aims to find various enzymatic and biochemical components of bile and their clinical or prognostic correlation with regard to progression and severity of hepatobiliary diseases. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study where all the patients suffering from choledochal cyst (CDC), extrahepatic portal venous obstruction (EHPVO), and infantile obstructive cholangiopathy undergoing diagnostic preoperative cholangiogram; and patients with history of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) undergoing surgery for some other condition were included in the study. Intraoperatively, bile was collected from the gallbladder and sent for estimation of amylase, lipase, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, bicarbonate, total bilirubin, pH, cholesterol, triglycerides, and total bile acid. Results: A total of 80 patients were included in the study (20 in each of the four disease-based groups). Amylase, lipase, and pH were significantly different among the patients of CDC when compared with the presence or absence of dilated intrahepatic biliary radicals. Similarly, amylase, lipase, and pH were also significantly different among the patients of EHPVO when compared with presence or absence of biliopathy. Levels of cholesterol and bile acid were significantly higher in patients who were evaluated after 1 year following TPN than those who were evaluated before 1 year. The patients of infantile cholangiopathy, who had history of fever, had significantly higher level of calcium. Conclusion: The components of bile show close correlation with various clinical and prognostic markers, there is a very close correlation between these parameters and the clinical severity, disease progression, and final outcome

Investigating Physics Behind the Rapid Intensification and Catastrophic Landfall of Cyclone ‘Titli’ (2018) in the Bay of Bengal

175-181The present study delineates the role of ocean conditions in the genesis and rapid intensification (RI) of a very severe cyclonic storm (VSCS) ‘Titli’ (2018). The tropical cyclone (TC) formed over the warm waters of the east-central Bay of Bengal during 08-13 October 2018. According to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), the cyclone was the most damaging storm to hit any coast of India in the year 2018, making it a special case of analysis. In the present study, 10 m winds , Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Latent heat flux, and relative vorticity (RV) during the lifespan of the cyclone are studied using ECMWF reanalysis V5 (ERA5) prepared by European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Further, the Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential (TCHP) data generated by the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) in Hyderabad is used to study the important information about the oceanic conditions of the TC. The investigation of the TC’s sea surface temperature data from satellites reveals that a relatively warmer SST prevailed during the cyclone’s occurrence, which may have been the primary factor in the TC’s rapid intensification. Further, the latent Heat flux (LHF) and TCHP values were also found high in conjunction with SST values. Our in-depth analysis reveals that the 10 m winds embedded into the TC were extremely strong, exceeding 12 m/s prior to the landfall. A positive and large value of RV was found when the TC was about to hit the coast. This may be one of the reasons behind the ‘catastrophic landfall’ of the cyclone